LIMBALIMBA
B2 · Upper intermediateUnit 17: Nature and environmentLesson 170 of 200

Review: nature

Goal: Discuss environment issues.

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1Limba’s diary

LIMBA

Limba writes an article

The language school publishes a small newsletter, and Oyuunaa has asked me to write an article about nature in Mongolia, in Mongolian.

I sit at the kitchen table with my notes from the north: Khövsgöl, Ganbaatar's words about the dzud, Otgon's pastures, Bayaraa's reindeer, Bat's newspaper. Nomin reads my first draft over my shoulder and corrects it with a red pen. By midnight the article is finished, and so am I.

2Dialogue

Limba
Гарчиг нь: "Монголын байгалийг хамгаалъя".The title is: "Let's protect Mongolia's nature".
Номин
Сайн гарчиг байна. Цааш нь уншаад өгөөч.Good title. Read me the rest.
Limba
"Хөвсгөл бол тунгалаг устай, гүн нуур. Эргэн тойронд нь өтгөн ойтой уулс бий.""Khövsgöl is a deep lake with clear water. Around it there are mountains with thick forest."
Limba
"Гэвч Монголын байгаль хурдан өөрчлөгдөж байна. Зун улам халуун, хуурай болж байна.""But Mongolia's nature is changing fast. Summers are getting hotter and drier."
Номин
Энд шалтгааныг нь бичвэл ямар вэ?How about giving the reasons here?
Limba
"Мал хэт олон болсны улмаас бэлчээр доройтож байна. Ган болсны улмаас гол горхи ширгэж байна.""Because there are far too many animals, the pastures are degrading. Because of drought, rivers and streams are drying up."
Limba
"Өвөл зуд ойр ойрхон болдог болсон. Малчид олон малаа алдсаар байна.""Dzuds have become more frequent in winter. Herders keep losing many of their animals."
Номин
Утааны тухай бас бичээрэй. Энэ бол хотын хамгийн том асуудал.Write about the smog too. It's the city's biggest problem.
Limba
"Улаанбаатарт өвөл бүр утаа ихсэж эхэлдэг. Түүхий нүүрс хэрэглэхийг хориглосны үр дүнд агаар бага зэрэг цэвэршсэн.""In Ulaanbaatar the smog starts to build up every winter. As a result of the ban on raw coal, the air has become a little cleaner."
Номин
Маш сайн. Сайн мэдээ ч бас хэрэгтэй.Very good. You need some good news too.
Limba
"Тахь нэг үе байгальд устаж алга болсон боловч 1990-ээд онд сэргээн нутагшуулсан.""The takhi once disappeared from the wild, but in the 1990s it was reintroduced."
Limba
"Тайгад цаатан хүмүүс уламжлалаа хадгалсаар байна.""In the taiga, the Tsaatan people are still keeping their traditions."
Limba
"Эцэст нь хоёр зүйл санал болгоё: хуванцар уут хэрэглэхгүй байх, мод тарих.""Finally, let me make two proposals: not using plastic bags, and planting trees."
Номин
Сайхан нийтлэл боллоо. Оюунаа багшид таалагдах байх.It's turned into a lovely article. Oyuunaa will probably like it.

3Words in this lesson

MongolianEnglish
гарчигtitle, headline
нийтлэлarticle
гэвчbut (written style)
эцэст ньfinally, in the end
цэвэршихto become clean
байгаль хамгаалахto protect nature
уур амьсгалclimate
бэлчээрpasture
доройтохto degrade
зудdzud
утааsmoke, smog
нутагшуулахto reintroduce, to settle (animals)
ховорrare

4Grammar and explanations

Unit 17 at a glance

PointFormExample
describingadjective + noun + –тайтунгалаг устай нуур
change–ж байна, уламЗун улам халуун болж байна.
definingX-ыг Y гэдэгУдаан хугацаанд бороо орохгүй байхыг ган гэдэг.
cause–сны улмаас, учир ньГан болсны улмаас гол ширгэсэн.
result–сны үр дүнд, тиймээсХамтран ажилласны үр дүнд өвс ургасан.
duration–саар байна, –талБороо орсоор байна. Бороо зогстол хүлээнэ.
beginning–ж эхлэхУтаа ихсэж эхэлдэг.
proposals–вал ямар вэ?, санал болгохМод тарья гэж санал болгож байна.
voices in texts–гд–, –уул–хамгаалагдсан, нутагшуулсан
one ofgenitive plural + нэгхамгийн ховор амьтдын нэг

New examples

Өвс ургаагүйн улмаас мал турсан.grass grow-PAST-NEG-GEN because livestock get-thin-PAST"Because the grass didn't grow, the animals got thin."
Жуулчдын тоо жил бүр нэмэгдсээр байна.The number of tourists keeps growing every year.
Ирвэсийг Монголын Улаан номонд оруулсан.The snow leopard has been entered in Mongolia's Red Book of rare species.
Ой модыг хамгаалах нь бидний үүрэг.Protecting the forests is our duty.
Хогоо ангилж эхэлбэл хот цэвэрхэн болно.If we start sorting our rubbish, the city will be clean.

How an article is built

Two reminders

Go deeper in the grammar guide: Complex sentences · Causative and passive · Converbs

5Good to know

Written Mongolian likes clear signposts between sentences. Гэвч (but), мөн (also), түүнчлэн (moreover), тиймээс (therefore) and эцэст нь (finally) all open a sentence and tell the reader where the text is going. Use them, keep each sentence short, and end each one on its verb. A newsletter article of ten such sentences is clearer than three long ones, and your Mongolian readers will thank you for it.

6Exercises

Choose the right answer, then press Check my answers. Score 70% or more and the lesson is ticked on your course map.

  1. "a lake with clear water" is…
  2. Зун улам халуун болж байна means…
  3. Ган ___ улмаас гол ширгэсэн.
  4. Which phrase usually introduces a good result?
  5. Where does учир нь stand?
  6. Бороо орсоор байна means…
  7. "We'll wait until the rain stops."
  8. "The smog starts to build up."
  9. "How about planting trees?"
  10. In хамгаалагдсан, the voice suffix is…
  11. нутагшуулсан contains…
  12. "one of the rarest animals"
  13. Who are the цаатан?
  14. What does Nomin ask Limba to write about too?
  15. Which two proposals end Limba's article?

Well done! Lesson 170 is ticked on your course map.

Write it yourself

Write your answer on paper or in your head first, then reveal the model answer.

  1. Describe in Mongolian: "a mountain with thick forest".
    Show answerөтгөн ойтой уул
  2. Translate: "The climate is changing, and summers are getting drier."
    Show answerУур амьсгал өөрчлөгдөж, зун улам хуурай болж байна.
  3. Join with –сны улмаас: Мал хэт олон болсон. Бэлчээр доройтсон.
    Show answerМал хэт олон болсны улмаас бэлчээр доройтсон.
  4. Translate: "It has been snowing since the morning."
    Show answerӨглөөнөөс хойш цас орсоор байна.
  5. Translate: "In winter the smog starts to build up."
    Show answerӨвөл утаа ихсэж эхэлдэг.
  6. Propose: "I propose that we sort our rubbish."
    Show answerХогоо ангилъя гэж санал болгож байна. / Хогоо ангилахыг санал болгож байна.
  7. Translate: "The takhi has been reintroduced at Khustai."
    Show answerХустайд тахийг сэргээн нутагшуулсан.
  8. Translate: "The golden eagle is one of the strongest birds."
    Show answerБүргэд бол хамгийн хүчтэй шувуудын нэг.

Lesson done? Train your ear

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This written course teaches you to read and write. The LIMBA audio course makes you speak: 24 lessons of 12 to 15 minutes, recorded with a native speaker. You listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect partner for these pages.

Download the Mongolian audio course24 audio lessons · MP3 · yours to keep
Hear lesson 1 free:

Unit 17: Nature and environment B2

  1. 161Lake Khövsgöl
  2. 162Dzud and climate
  3. 163Cause and effect
  4. 164While and as long as: -тал, -саар
  5. 165Reindeer herders
  6. 166Pollution in Ulaanbaatar
  7. 167Suggestions and proposals
  8. 168The passive and causative in texts
  9. 169Animals of Mongolia
  10. 170Review: nature
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