Goal: Order actions with converbs.
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Download the Mongolian audio course24 audio lessons · MP3 · yours to keepSteps to extend the visa
My visa ends before my flight, so I have to extend it one last time. Bat printed the list of steps from the immigration office's website, and we read it together at breakfast, like a recipe: before you fill in the form, make a copy of your passport; after filling in the form, have a photo taken; after paying the fee, keep the receipt.
The order matters. In November I paid before having my photo taken, and I had to come back the next day.
| Mongolian | English |
|---|---|
| виз | visa |
| сунгах | to extend; визээ сунгах: to extend one's visa |
| маягт | form (to fill in) |
| бөглөх | to fill in |
| хуулбар | copy |
| хураамж | fee |
| баримт | receipt; document |
| алхам алхмаар | step by step |
| дараалал | order, sequence |
| санах | to remember |
| ажлын өдөр | working day |
| өнгөрсөн удаа | last time |
In lesson 77 you put өмнө (before) and дараа (after) behind a noun in the genitive: хоолны өмнө, хичээлийн дараа. To put them behind a whole action, Mongolian turns the verb into a participle and gives it a case.
| Meaning | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| before doing | –х + ablative + өмнө | бөглөхөөс өмнө |
| after doing | –сан + genitive + дараа | бөглөсний дараа |
The –х form takes the ablative –аас / –оос / –ээс / –өөс, then өмнө.
| Verb | Before doing it |
|---|---|
| явах | явахаас өмнө |
| орох | орохоос өмнө |
| ирэх | ирэхээс өмнө |
| бөглөх | бөглөхөөс өмнө |
You will also hear –хын өмнө, with the genitive: ажилдаа явахын өмнө (before going to work). Both are correct.
The –сан participle takes the genitive. Its short vowel drops, so –сан with –ы gives –сны, and –сэн or –сөн with –ий gives –сний.
| Verb | After doing it |
|---|---|
| авахуулах | авахуулсны дараа |
| орох | орсны дараа |
| ирэх | ирсний дараа |
| төлөх | төлсний дараа |
With a noun, өмнө and дараа follow the genitive, as in lesson 77. With a verb, use the forms of this lesson.
The "before" or "after" part comes first, and the main action closes the sentence, as always. The subject can stand at the very start:
Go deeper in the grammar guide: Mongolian postpositions · Mongolian time expressions · Mongolian converbs
Mongolian offices love paperwork, and one step done in the wrong order can cost you a day. Before you go to any office, ask Ямар бичиг баримт хэрэгтэй вэ? ("What documents are needed?"). Bring copies of everything, and keep every receipt, баримт, until the whole process is finished.
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Lesson done? Train your ear
This written course teaches you to read and write. The LIMBA audio course makes you speak: 24 lessons of 12 to 15 minutes, recorded with a native speaker. You listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect partner for these pages.
Download the Mongolian audio course24 audio lessons · MP3 · yours to keep