Goal: you will use the irregular futures of common verbs.
Course progress: lesson 63 / 200
LIMBA audio course · Georgian
This written course gives you the grammar, the words and the script. The LIMBA audio course trains your ear and your mouth: you listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect complement to these lessons.
Download the Georgian audio courseOrder form · your download link arrives by emailWeek 10. Learning to toast
Levan has decided that I must learn to give a Georgian toast before my first big supra. He pours a little wine and explains: "First you say something beautiful. Then everybody drinks."
Today: the verbs whose future looks completely different from their present.
| Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ვიტყვი | vit'q'vi | I will say |
| დავლევ | davlev | I will drink |
| ვნახავ | vnakhav | I will see; I will visit |
| ვიყიდი | viq'idi | I will buy |
| მივცემ | mivtsem | I will give |
| სადღეგრძელო | sadghegrdzelo | toast (at a feast) |
| გაუმარჯოს! | gaumarjos! | cheers! long live...! (literally "victory to...") |
| მეგობრობა | megobroba | friendship |
| ვაძლევ | vadzlev | I give |
| ვხედავ | vkhedav | I see |
The pronunciation is written in English letters, following Georgia’s official romanization. Say every letter: a as in father, e as in pet, i as in machine, o as in port, u as in rule; r is rolled; g is always hard; kh as in Scottish loch; gh a soft gargled g, like a French r; sh as in shop; zh like the s in pleasure; ch as in church; ts as in cats; dz as in adze; j as in jam. An apostrophe marks a “popped” consonant, said with a little click in the throat and no puff of air: k’, p’, t’, ts’, ch’, q’ (q’ is made deep in the throat). Without an apostrophe, k, p, t, ts, ch have a small puff of air. Use the Pronunciation button at the top to hide or show it.
A few very common verbs change their root completely in the future. Learn them as pairs:
| present | future |
|---|---|
| ვამბობvambob I say | ვიტყვიvit'q'vi I will say |
| ვსვამvsvam I drink | დავლევdavlev I will drink |
| ვხედავvkhedav I see | ვნახავvnakhav I will see |
| ვყიდულობvq'idulob I buy | ვიყიდიviq'idi I will buy |
| ვაძლევvadzlev I give | მივცემmivtsem I will give |
| person | say | drink | buy | give |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| მეme | ვიტყვიvit'q'vi | დავლევdavlev | ვიყიდიviq'idi | მივცემmivtsem |
| შენshen | იტყვიit'q'vi | დალევdalev | იყიდიiq'idi | მისცემmistsem |
| ისis | იტყვისit'q'vis | დალევსdalevs | იყიდისiq'idis | მისცემსmistsems |
| ჩვენchven | ვიტყვითvit'q'vit | დავლევთdavlevt | ვიყიდითviq'idit | მივცემთmivtsemt |
| თქვენtkven | იტყვითit'q'vit | დალევთdalevt | იყიდითiq'idit | მისცემთmistsemt |
| ისინიisini | იტყვიანit'q'vian | დალევენdaleven | იყიდიანiq'idian | მისცემენmistsemen |
Look at მივცემmivtsem / მისცემmistsem / მისცემსmistsems: for "you" and "he, she", an სs appears after მიmi-.
"Give" has two objects: the thing (ღვინოსghvinos) and the person (მეზობელსmezobels). In the present and the future, both take -სs: მეზობელს ღვინოს მივცემთmezobels ghvinos mivtsemt, "we'll give the neighbour some wine".
ვნახავvnakhav means both "I will see" and "I will visit (someone)": ხვალ ბებიას ვნახავkhval bebias vnakhav, "tomorrow I'll visit Grandma". It is also the future of ვნახულობvnakhulob (I visit).
გაუმარჯოსgaumarjos! is the classic Georgian toast: "victory to...!", "long live...!". It is the same root as გამარჯობაgamarjoba (lesson 1). At a feast, toasts are led by a თამადაtamada, the toastmaster, and you only drink after a toast, never alone. You will learn all the rules of the supra in lesson 175.
Be careful: სადღეგრძელოsadghegrdzelo (a toast) is a long word with a cluster: sa-dghe-grdze-lo.
Choose an answer for each question, then press Check my answers. Score 70% or more and the lesson is ticked on your course map.
Well done! Lesson 63 is ticked on your course map.
Say your answer out loud, write it down, then open the model answer.
Lesson finished? Now train your ear
This written course gives you the grammar, the words and the script. The LIMBA audio course trains your ear and your mouth: you listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect complement to these lessons.
Download the Georgian audio courseOrder form · your download link arrives by email