4Grammar and explanations
What you can now do
At level B2 you can follow and retell the news, speak respectfully to an elder, argue in a debate and write an opinion essay. You can talk about music, poetry and film, understand idioms, proverbs and jokes, and sound natural with the small words of conversation. You can describe a person in depth, reason with real and unreal conditions, tell the story of a whole year, and thank, promise, toast and write a letter. You can even read Nomin's chat messages.
The B2 checklist
| Lessons | Point | Example |
|---|
| 151, 158 | dates and centuries | 1206 онд ; XIII зуун |
| 153 | abstract nouns | хотжилт, боловсрол |
| 154 | –х нь as a subject | Монгол хэл сурах нь чухал. |
| 157, 171 | the pasts of texts, –в and –жээ | Энд яс олджээ. |
| 159, 178 | –даг байсан, –даг болсон | амьдардаг байсан ; амьдардаг болсон |
| 163 | cause and effect | Зуд болсны улмаас … |
| 164, 197 | –саар, –саар байх | Бороо орсоор байна. |
| 166 | –ж эхлэх | Цас орж эхэллээ. |
| 167 | suggestions | Хамт явбал ямар вэ? |
| 168 | passive and causative | Хаалга хаагдсан. |
| 174 | formal requests | … засна уу ; … хүсье |
| 176 | reported speech | … гэж мэдэгдлээ ; … гэнэ |
| 177 | respectful words | зооглох, нас сүүдэр, өргөө |
| 179 | essay signposts | нэгдүгээрт … эцэст нь |
| 182–184 | poetry, idioms, proverbs | орон ; уур хүрэх ; Яарвал даарна. |
| 185, 191 | telling a story | –сан, –ж байсан, –аад, гэтэл |
| 187 | discourse markers | за, тэгэхээр, ер нь, мэдээж, үнэндээ |
| 189 | real and unreal conditions | –вал … –на ; –сан бол … –х байсан |
| 192–195 | thanks, promises, toasts, letters | –санд баярлалаа ; … гэж амлах ; … төлөө |
| 197, 199 | stopping and wanting | сурахаа болихгүй ; явмааргүй байна |
Four sentences that sum up the level
Чингис хаан 1206 онд Их Монгол улсыг байгуулсан.Chinggis Khaan founded the Great Mongol State in 1206.
Зуд болсны улмаас олон мал үхсэн.Because of the dzud, many animals died.
Сайд сургуулиуд бэлэн гэж онцоллоо.minister school-PL ready say-CONV stress-PAST"The minister stressed that the schools were ready."
Хэрэв би Монголд төрсөн бол малчин байх байсан.If I had been born in Mongolia, I would be a herder.
If you can read these four without help, and explain every ending in them, you have finished the course. Take the test below; when you score 70% or more, the last lesson is ticked on your map.
Go deeper in the grammar guide: The Mongolian grammar guide · All seven cases on one page · Mongolian verbs
5Good to know
You have reached the end: 200 lessons, from the alphabet to Natsagdorj. One day, go back to lesson 11 and read its dialogue again. You will hardly believe that Сайн байна уу? was ever difficult.
And the next time you meet a Mongolian, anywhere in the world, start with that greeting. You know everything that comes after it.