Goal: you will use -ადad for roles, purposes and "how".
Course progress: lesson 54 / 200
LIMBA audio course · Georgian
This written course gives you the grammar, the words and the script. The LIMBA audio course trains your ear and your mouth: you listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect complement to these lessons.
Download the Georgian audio courseOrder form · your download link arrives by emailWeek 7. What do people work as?
At the language school, Tamar asks each of us what we do for a living. The Italian couple are architects, the Japanese student wants to be a translator, and I explain that in Canada I work in a bank as a clerk.
Today: the ending -ადad, which says "as" and "how".
| Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| -ად | -ad | as; in ... way (the adverbial ending) |
| რად? | rad? | as what? |
| არქიტექტორი | arkit'ekt'ori | architect |
| თარჯიმანი | tarjimani | translator, interpreter |
| კლერკი | k'lerk'i | clerk |
| მუშაობა | mushaoba | working, work |
| სწრაფად | sts'rapad | fast, quickly |
| ხმამაღლა | khmamaghla | aloud, loudly |
| ჩუმად | chumad | quietly |
The pronunciation is written in English letters, following Georgia’s official romanization. Say every letter: a as in father, e as in pet, i as in machine, o as in port, u as in rule; r is rolled; g is always hard; kh as in Scottish loch; gh a soft gargled g, like a French r; sh as in shop; zh like the s in pleasure; ch as in church; ts as in cats; dz as in adze; j as in jam. An apostrophe marks a “popped” consonant, said with a little click in the throat and no puff of air: k’, p’, t’, ts’, ch’, q’ (q’ is made deep in the throat). Without an apostrophe, k, p, t, ts, ch have a small puff of air. Use the Pronunciation button at the top to hide or show it.
The adverbial ending -ადad says what role someone or something has: "as". - words in -იi replace it: ექიმიekimi → ექიმადekimad, მასწავლებელიmasts'avlebeli → მასწავლებლადmasts'avleblad - words in -აa and other vowels add -დd: საჩუქარიsachukari → საჩუქრადsachukrad, but დედაdeda → დედადdedad
The question is რადrad? "as what?": რად მუშაობrad mushaob? "what do you work as?"
The same -ადad turns an adjective into an adverb:
| adjective | adverb |
|---|---|
| კარგიk'argi good | კარგადk'argad well |
| ცუდიtsudi bad | ცუდადtsudad badly |
| სწრაფიsts'rapi quick | სწრაფადsts'rapad quickly |
| ჩუმიchumi quiet | ჩუმადchumad quietly |
| ქართულიkartuli Georgian | ქართულადkartulad in Georgian |
მუშაობაmushaoba (working, work) is the verbal noun of ვმუშაობvmushaob. It can be the thing someone wants: იუკის თარჯიმნად მუშაობა უნდაiuk'is tarjimnad mushaoba unda, "Yuki wants to work as a translator", literally "to Yuki, working as a translator is wanted". You will learn verbal nouns properly in lesson 138.
Words that lose a vowel do it here too: თარჯიმანიtarjimani → თარჯიმნადtarjimnad, მასწავლებელიmasts'avlebeli → მასწავლებლადmasts'avleblad, საჩუქარიsachukari → საჩუქრადsachukrad.
ხმამაღლაkhmamaghla ("with a loud voice") is a good word for language learners: ხმამაღლა წაიკითხეkhmamaghla ts'aik'itkhe! "read it aloud!".
Choose an answer for each question, then press Check my answers. Score 70% or more and the lesson is ticked on your course map.
Well done! Lesson 54 is ticked on your course map.
Say your answer out loud, write it down, then open the model answer.
Lesson finished? Now train your ear
This written course gives you the grammar, the words and the script. The LIMBA audio course trains your ear and your mouth: you listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect complement to these lessons.
Download the Georgian audio courseOrder form · your download link arrives by email