A1Unit 1 · Hello! · Lesson 8 of 100
This and that
shu hāda? · mīn hadōl? · hāda ktāb · hādi ṣūra
Goal: Point at things and people near you or farther away, and ask what something is or who someone is.
Dialogue
Rana shows Lina her room: books, a phone, a key and an old photo on the wall. You will learn "this", "that" and "these", and the questions "What is this?" and "Who is this?"
Rana shows Lina her room.
- Ranayalla, Līna! hādi ōḍti.Come on, Lina! This is my room.
- Linashu hāda? daftar?What's this? A notebook?
- Ranalaʾ, hāda mish daftar. hāda ktāb.No, it isn't a notebook. It's a book.
- Linaw hāda?And this?
- Ranahāda muftāḥ. w hāda jawwāl.This is a key. And this is a phone.
- Linaw hadīk? ṣūra?And that one over there? A photo?
- Ranaaywa, hadīk ṣūra.Yes, that's a photo.
- Linamīn hadōl?Who are these people?
- Ranahadōl Khalīl w Sitti Ḥalīme.These are Khalil and Sitti Halime.
New words
| Palestinian Arabic | English |
|---|---|
| hadōl | thesefor several people or several things |
| hadāk | that (m)a feminine word: hadīk; several: hadōlāk "those" |
| mīn | whomīn hāda? "who is this?" |
| ktāb | bookseveral: kutub |
| daftar | notebookseveral: dafāter |
| ʾalam | penseveral: ʾlām |
| shanṭa | bag; suitcase; schoolbagseveral: shanṭāt |
| jawwāl | cell phone |
| muftāḥ | key; (light) switchseveral: mafātīḥ |
| ṣūra | picture, photoseveral: ṣuwar |
| ōḍa | roomōḍti "my room" |
| waraʾa | sheet of paper; leafwaraʾ "paper"; several sheets: awrāʾ |
Grammar
1. This: hāda and hādi
Every noun is masculine or feminine. Most nouns that end in -a or -e are feminine: shanṭa, ṣūra, ōḍa, waraʾa. Use hāda with a masculine noun and hādi with a feminine one.
| Masculine: hāda | Feminine: hādi |
|---|---|
| hāda ktāb. This is a book. | hādi shanṭa. This is a bag. |
| hāda ʾalam. This is a pen. | hādi ṣūra. This is a photo. |
| hāda jawwāl. This is a phone. | hādi ōḍa. This is a room. |
2. That, these, those
For something farther away, say hadāk (m) or hadīk (f). For several people or several things, say hadōl "these" and hadōlāk "those". hadōl and hadōlāk are the same for men and for women.
3. What is this? Who is this?
Ask shu "what" about things and mīn "who" about people.
Practice
1Choose the right words
You point at a book in your hand: "This is a book."
ktāb is masculine: hāda.
You point at a photo on the far wall: "That is a photo."
The photo is far away and ṣūra is feminine: hadīk.
You ask who a man in a photo is.
mīn asks about people; a man: hāda.
Which word means "key"?
2Complete the sentence
___ hāda? = What is this?
___ Khalīl w Rana. = These are Khalil and Rana.
hādi ___. = This is a bag.
hādi goes with a feminine noun.
3Match the Arabic and the English
ktāb
daftar
ʾalam
jawwāl
ōḍa
waraʾa
4Put the words in order
What is this? A notebook?
No, this isn't a phone.
5Say it in Palestinian Arabic, then check
Ask who a woman in a photo is.
mīn hādi?
Show a friend your room: This is my room.
hādi ōḍti.
6True or false?
At first Lina thinks the book is a notebook.
She asks shu hāda? daftar?
The photo shows Khalil and Sam.
Rana says hadōl Khalīl w Sitti Ḥalīme.
Summary
- You can say "this is…": hāda ktāb, hādi ṣūra.
- You can point farther away with hadāk and hadīk, and at several people or several things with hadōl.
- You can ask shu hāda? about things and mīn hāda? or mīn hādi? about people.
- You can name things in a room: ktāb, daftar, ʾalam, jawwāl, muftāḥ.