Goal: you will tell what other people did (-აa, -ოo, -ესes).
Course progress: lesson 85 / 200
LIMBA audio course · Georgian
This written course gives you the grammar, the words and the script. The LIMBA audio course trains your ear and your mouth: you listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect complement to these lessons.
Download the Georgian audio courseOrder form · your download link arrives by emailWeek 17. Gossip with Bebo
Bebo loves gossip, and the neighbourhood gives her plenty. Today she tells me what everybody did yesterday: who started a new job, who took the neighbour's parking place, who heard what.
Today: telling what other people did.
| Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| დაიწყო | daits'q'o | he, she began |
| აიღო | aigho | he, she took |
| მიიღო | miigho | he, she received |
| გაიგო | gaigo | he, she heard, found out; understood |
| დადო | dado | he, she put (down) |
| ღია | ghia | open |
The pronunciation is written in English letters, following Georgia’s official romanization. Say every letter: a as in father, e as in pet, i as in machine, o as in port, u as in rule; r is rolled; g is always hard; kh as in Scottish loch; gh a soft gargled g, like a French r; sh as in shop; zh like the s in pleasure; ch as in church; ts as in cats; dz as in adze; j as in jam. An apostrophe marks a “popped” consonant, said with a little click in the throat and no puff of air: k’, p’, t’, ts’, ch’, q’ (q’ is made deep in the throat). Without an apostrophe, k, p, t, ts, ch have a small puff of air. Use the Pronunciation button at the top to hide or show it.
In the past, most verbs end in -აa for he or she: დაწერაdats'era, გააკეთაgaak'eta, იყიდაiq'ida, ნახაnakha. A group of common verbs ends in -ოo instead:
| I | he, she | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| დავიწყეdavits'q'e | დაიწყოdaits'q'o | began |
| ავიღეavighe | აიღოaigho | took |
| მივიღეmivighe | მიიღოmiigho | received |
| გავიგეgavige | გაიგოgaigo | heard, found out |
| დავდეdavde | დადოdado | put |
| გავაღეgavaghe | გააღოgaagho | opened (lesson 83) |
There is no simple rule: learn the -ოo verbs one by one.
For "they", the past ends in -ესes, whatever the verb: დაწერესdats'eres, იყიდესiq'ides, დაიწყესdaits'q'es, აიღესaighes, მიიღესmiighes, გაიგესgaiges.
Note: the plural doer takes -მაma after -ებeb-: მეზობლებმაmezoblebma, ბავშვებმაbavshvebma, სტუდენტებმაst'udent'ebma.
| basic | ergative |
|---|---|
| მეზობლებიmezoblebi | მეზობლებმაmezoblebma |
| ბავშვებიbavshvebi | ბავშვებმაbavshvebma |
| ისინიisini | მათmat |
გავიგეgavige has two useful meanings: "I heard (news)" and "I understood, I got it". ვერ გავიგეver gavige is the perfect phrase when you did not catch what someone said (lesson 39).
ღიაghia means "open": ღიააghiaa on a shop door (lesson 10), ფანჯარა ღია იყოpanjara ghia iq'o, "the window was open".
Choose an answer for each question, then press Check my answers. Score 70% or more and the lesson is ticked on your course map.
Well done! Lesson 85 is ticked on your course map.
Say your answer out loud, write it down, then open the model answer.
Lesson finished? Now train your ear
This written course gives you the grammar, the words and the script. The LIMBA audio course trains your ear and your mouth: you listen, you repeat, you answer — the perfect complement to these lessons.
Download the Georgian audio courseOrder form · your download link arrives by email