4Grammar and explanations
What you can now do
At the end of level A2 you can tell what happened yesterday and last month, say what you want, need, can, may and must do, and ask people politely to do things. You can travel in the countryside and describe it, compare things, and pick out the biggest and the best. You can link several actions in one sentence, report what someone said, give conditions, say when and why something happens, and take part in a Mongolian festival with the right words and the right gestures.
The A2 checklist
| Lessons | You can… | Key forms |
|---|
| 51-60 | tell what happened | –сан, –лаа, –в, –аагүй; өчигдөр, маргааш; есдүгээр сар |
| 61-70 | want, need, can, may, must, ask | –маар байна, –хыг хүсэж байна, хэрэгтэй, –ж чадна, –ж болох уу?, –аарай, –аач, –ъя, –х ёстой |
| 71-80 | travel and describe the steppe | –аар, –тай, дээр, хажууд, ард, өмнө, дараа, –аас (than), хамгийн |
| 81-90 | live in a ger | битгий, –х хэрэггүй, –аа (own), –аад, –ж, гэж, нь, шүү, даа, юм, биз дээ, минийх |
| 91-99 | celebrate Tsagaan Sar | Амар байна уу?, өгөх / авах, –вал, –хад, учраас, болохоор, өмсөх, –аасай |
Four sentences that sum up the level
Би өчигдөр хөдөөнөөс ирсэн.I yesterday countryside-ABL come-PAST"I came back from the countryside yesterday."
Цайгаа уугаад явъя.tea-REFL drink-CONV go-IMP"Let's drink our tea and then go."
Цас орвол бид гэртээ байна.snow fall-CONV we home-DAT-REFL be-PRES-FUT"If it snows, we'll stay at home."
Номин "Би ядарсан" гэж хэлсэн.Nomin I tire-PAST saying say-PAST"Nomin said, 'I'm tired.'"
Five habits to check before B1
- Four-form endings (–аад, –вал, –аасай, –аарай, –маар, –сан): choose the vowel from the stem. яваад, босоод, ирээд, өгөөд.
- Three, not four: the comitative has no ө form (өрөөтэй), and –гүй never changes.
- Only the last verb has a tense: –аад, –ж, –вал and –хад borrow it from the verb that closes the sentence.
- The standard takes the ending: in a comparison, the thing you compare against is in the ablative (хотоос), and the adjective does not change.
- Own things: when the owner is the subject, use the reflexive (малгайгаа, гэртээ) and no possessive word.
If one of these still feels uncertain, go back to its lesson before you start unit 11. B1 begins in July, at the Naadam festival.
Go deeper in the grammar guide: The Mongolian grammar guide · Mongolian converbs · The seven cases at a glance